Stay updated with the latest October (2025) monthly current affairs, general knowledge, and exam-focused notes with MCQs for UPSC, SSC, Banking, and state exams
October 2025 – Monthly Current Affairs & GK
BSNL Launches Swadeshi 4G
BSNL has started a new 4G mobile network made fully in India. It uses more than 97,000 towers and can also be upgraded to 5G in the future. This step reduces India’s need for foreign technology and supports Make in India. It will also improve mobile connectivity for millions of people in rural and urban areas.
100% US Tariff on Indian Pharma
The United States has announced a 100% tax on some imported medicines. This mainly targets branded and patented drugs. Indian pharma companies, which sell a lot of medicines to the US, may face problems. The rule will not apply if companies set up factories in the US. This may affect India’s medicine exports badly. India is closely monitoring its impact
Right to Disconnect in India
The Right to Disconnect allows employees to disengage from work communications beyond official hours. In India, it was proposed in 2018 as a Private Member’s Bill by Supriya Sule. The Bill has not become law. Supporters argue it safeguards work-life balance, while critics warn rigid rules may harm India’s competitiveness in global, time-sensitive sectors.
Zoho’s Messaging App Arattai Gains Momentum
Zoho’s home-grown app Arattai has witnessed a dramatic surge in user adoption, escalating traffic nearly 100× in just days. It supports messaging, voice/video calls, stories, file sharing and aims to position itself as an India-first alternative to global players. The company is fast scaling infrastructure to meet demand. Arattai is also emphasising data sovereignty, storing user data within India to foster trust in domestic tech.
India and Bhutan to Get First Direct Rail Links
India has announced two cross-border rail lines connecting Kokrajhar–Gelephu (Assam to Bhutan) and Banarhat–Samtse (West Bengal to Bhutan), totalling about 89 km and costing ₹4,033 crore. These will be Bhutan’s first railway links. India will fully fund and implement the project under a “Make in India” model, integrating Bhutan into its rail network. The move is strategic—enhancing trade, connectivity, and deepening bilateral ties.
World Animal Day 2025 Celebrated Globally
World Animal Day was observed on 4 October 2025 to raise awareness of animal rights and welfare. The theme emphasized protecting biodiversity and combating cruelty. Governments, NGOs, and activists held campaigns, adoption drives, and educational events. The day reflects ethical, ecological, and legal dimensions of conservation, linking with India’s environmental policies.
India’s First Child Marriage-Free District
Chhattisgarh’s Balod district was declared India’s first child marriage-free district in 2025. The achievement came through awareness drives, strict monitoring, and legal action. The initiative highlights education, women empowerment, and community participation as a replicable model for other regions. It marks a milestone in protecting child rights and advancing India’s SDG commitments.
India Observes 93rd Indian Air Force Day
On 8 October 2025, India celebrated the 93rd Indian Air Force Day with grand parades and aerial displays at Hindon Air Base. The event also paid tribute to the retiring MiG-21 fleet and spotlighted Operation Sindoor as a showcase of strategic air power. Chiefs of the armed forces and government leaders honoured the service and sacrifice of air warriors.
Biometric Authentication for UPI Payments
From 8 October 2025, users can authenticate UPI transactions using fingerprint or facial recognition instead of the UPI PIN. Approved by RBI and NPCI, this ‘on-device biometric’ option uses secure biometric data linked with Aadhaar. It will also allow Aadhaar-based face authentication for setting or resetting UPI PINs, and is optional—users can still use the traditional PIN method.
Foreign Currency Settlement System
India has instituted the Foreign Currency Settlement System (FCSS) at GIFT IFSC, enabling real-time or near-real-time settlement of foreign currency transactions previously routed through multiple correspondent banks with delays of 36-48 hours. Operated by CCIL IFSC under IFSCA, this infrastructure enhances liquidity, lowers costs & risk, and positions India among global financial centres.
First Animal Birth Control Training Centre
Lucknow Municipal Corporation has opened India’s first ABC Training Centre at Jarhara. This facility will train veterinarians, para-vets, and animal handlers on humane sterilisation, post-operative care, data recording, and legal compliance. It supports the ABC Rules, 2023, and seeks to build capacity while curbing stray dog population numbers responsibly across urban India.
Medicine Nobel Prize 2025
The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for revealing how the immune system avoids attacking the body itself. Their work uncovered mechanisms of peripheral immune tolerance, particularly the role of regulatory T cells, which has major implications for treating autoimmune disorders and improving transplant outcomes.
Physics Nobel Prize 2025
The 2025 Physics Nobel was awarded to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their pioneering discoveries of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in electric circuits. These findings bridge the gap between quantum phenomena and large-scale electrical systems, advancing the development of quantum computing and superconducting technologies.
Chemistry Nobel Prize 2025
Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)—porous materials built from metal ions and organic linkers. These MOFs can store gases, purify water, capture carbon dioxide, and support clean technologies, offering breakthroughs in environmental cleanup and sustainable energy
Nobel Literature Prize 2025
Hungarian novelist László Krasznahorkai has been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature for his “compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.” His dense, philosophical works—often using long, winding sentences—explore despair, collapse, and hope under extreme conditions.
Israel Hamas Peace Deal
Israel and Hamas have agreed to a first-phase ceasefire deal brokered in Egypt and backed by the US. The terms include release of Israeli hostages and Palestinian prisoners, Israeli troop withdrawal to an agreed line, and scaled humanitarian aid for Gaza. The agreement marks a significant step toward ending the two-year war.
TATA Group in Danger
Tata Trusts, which controls 66% of Tata Sons, is embroiled in internal conflict among trustees over board appointments, strategic control, and the minority SP Group’s demand for an IPO. Key firms like TCS and Tata Motors saw market value drop sharply amid investor concerns. Central government has intervened to restore stability.
Pakistan-Afghanistan Border Clashes Escalate
Pakistan and Afghanistan have engaged in intense exchanges of fire along the Durand Line. Pakistan accuses Afghan soil of harbouring TTP militants; Kabul claims Pakistan’s airstrikes violate its sovereignty. Multiple border crossings have been shut. Civilian displacement and casualties reported on both sides. Diplomatic relations are strained as both call for international intervention.
OpenAI Launches “ChatGPT Atlas”
OpenAI has introduced Atlas, a web browser deeply integrated with its ChatGPT chatbot. Initially available on macOS, Atlas places a ChatGPT sidebar throughout web browsing to summarise, analyse and interact with page content. An “Agent Mode” allows the AI to execute multi-step tasks like bookings, shopping and form-filling. Atlas aims to challenge browser giants like Google Chrome, though experts raise concerns about privacy and security vulnerabilities
Saudi Arabia Ends Kafala System
Saudi Arabia’s decision to abolish the Kafala sponsorship system frees over 2.6 million Indian migrant workers from employer restrictions. It allows job mobility, easier exit permits, and better legal protection. The move is expected to boost remittances, labour rights, and bilateral ties, strengthening India–Saudi cooperation under Vision 2030 and the evolving West Asia economic corridor
Multi-Crore “Iridium” Scam
In a widespread fraud involving the rare metal Iridium, syndicates across Tamil Nadu and Kerala cheated investors of over ₹1,000 crore by promising huge returns from sales of the metal and fabricating ties with the Reserve Bank of India. Victims were told vast undisclosed RBI funds awaited release if upfront fees were paid. Law-enforcement agencies have arrested dozens and frozen assets
Japan Elects First Female Prime Minister
On 21 October 2025, Sanae Takaichi won the parliamentary vote in Japan’s Diet, becoming the country’s first woman to serve as Prime Minister.
She leads the long-ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and took over amid a fragile coalition-building effort. Her conservative and national-security-oriented agenda is expected to shape Japan’s future direction.